Prospects for plasma protein products in China / 中国输血杂志

Plasma protein products, essential drugs for various clinical diseases, are therapeutic biological products extracted from healthy human plasma. The research and development of new plasma protein products, led by United States and European, has been widely deepened and enhanced. Therefore, accelerating the development of new plasma protein products in China is of great significance. This review summarizes the research and development of plasma protein products that have been marketed abroad but have not produced in China, as well as analyzes the difficulties and prospects of the development of plasma protein products in China.

Prognostic implications and functional enrichment analysis of LTB4R in patients with acute myeloid leukemia / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the expression patterns, prognostic implications, and biological role of leukotriene B4 receptor (LTB4R) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).@*METHODS@#We collected the data of mRNA expression levels and clinical information of patients with AML from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for mRNA expression analyses, survival analyses, Cox regression analyses and correlation analyses using R studio to assess the expression patterns and prognostic value of LTB4R. The correlation of LTB4R expression levels with clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed using UALCAN. The co-expressed genes LTB4R were screened from Linkedomics and subjected to functional enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING. GSEA analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed based on datasets from TCGA-LAML stratified by LTB4R expression level. We also collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AML patients and healthy donors for examination of the mRNA expression levels of LTB4R and immune checkpoint genes using qRT-PCR. We also examined serum LTB4R protein levels in the patients using ELISA.@*RESULTS@#The mRNA expression level of LTB4R was significantly increased in AML patients (4.898±1.220 vs 2.252±0.215, P < 0.001), and an elevated LTB4R expression level was correlated with a poor overall survival (OS) of the patients (P=0.004, HR=1.74). LTB4R was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.019, HR=1.66) and was associated with FAB subtypes, cytogenetic risk, karyotype abnormalities and NPM1 mutations. The co- expressed genes of LTB4R were enriched in the functional pathways closely associated with AML leukemogenesis, including neutrophil inflammation, lymphocyte activation, signal transduction, and metabolism. The DEGs were enriched in differentiation, activation of immune cells, and cytokine signaling. Examination of the clinical serum samples also demonstrated significantly increased expressions of LTB4R mRNA (P=0.044) and protein (P=0.008) in AML patients, and LTB4R mRNA expression was positively correlated with the expression of the immune checkpoint HAVCR2 (r= 0.466, P=0.040).@*CONCLUSION@#LTB4R can serve as a novel biomarker and independent prognostic indicator of AML and its expression patterns provide insights into the crosstalk of leukemogenesis signaling pathways involving tumor immunity and metabolism.

Analysis of corneal biological parameters measured by IOL Master 700 and Pentacam in patients with cataract of different ages / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To compare the difference, correlation and consistency of corneal biological parameters measured by IOL Master 700 and Pentacam before cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in different age groups.<p>METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 87 cataract patients(162 eyes)in Weifang Eye Hospital from February to September 2020 were collected, including 44 males(80 eyes)and 43 females(82 eyes)(age 61.2±9.87 years). The patients were divided into four groups: group A \〖17 cases(32 eyes), 40-50 years old\〗, group B \〖25 cases(47 eyes), 51-60 years old\〗, group C \〖28 cases(53 eyes), 61-70 years old\〗, and group D \〖17 cases(30 eyes), 71-80 years old\〗. The preoperative corneal biological parameters of cataract patients were measured by IOL Master 700 and Pentacam, and the flat axis corneal curvature(K1), steep axis corneal curvature(K2), mean corneal curvature(Km), corneal astigmatism, anterior chamber depth(ACD)and central corneal thickness(CCT)were recorded. The difference and correlation of measurement results between two kinds of biometric instruments in different age groups were analyzed. <p>RESULTS: Except for the corneal astigmatism in group C and K1 and corneal astigmatism in group D, there were significant differences between the two instruments(<i>t</i>=2.746, -2.582, 2.637, all <i>P</i><0.05), but there was no significant difference in other parameters among the four groups. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a good correlation between the two instruments in measuring the parameters of the four groups of patients. The results of Bland-Altman analysis showed that there was a good consistency between IOL Master 700 and Pentacam in measuring K1, K2, Km, corneal astigmatism, ACD and CCT in the four groups.<p>CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference between IOL Master 700 and Pentacam in the measurement of corneal biological parameters in cataract patients aged 40-60 years, but there was significant difference in astigmatism between 61-70 years old, astigmatism and K1 value in 71-80 years old patients. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a good correlation between the two instruments. Generally speaking, the consistency of the two kinds of examination equipment is good, and the corneal astigmatism and corneal curvature should be selected by comprehensive analysis of the data.

Research Status of Zexietang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Zexietang is derived from Jingui Yaolue （《金匮要略》）， which is composed of Alismatis Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， and has the effect of inducing diuresis and invigorating the spleen to produce water. Compared with western medicine in the treatment of related diseases， Zexietang can not only improve the curative effect， but also reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions， so as to achieve long-term stable administration. The authors sorted out and analyzed the chemical composition， pharmacological effect and clinical application of Zexietang in recent years. It was found that the main active components of Zexietang were alismol A and B， 23-acetyl-alismol B and C， atractylenolides （atractylenolide Ⅰ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ） and polysaccharides. Pharmacological experiments showed that they had diuretic， hypolipidemic， anti-inflammatory and others. And it can be used in the treatment of hypertension， hyperlipidemia， vertigo， cerebral vascular insufficiency and other diseases combined with other Chinese materia medica， and the curative effect is obvious. By summarizing the research status of Zexietang in recent years， its active components and pharmacological mechanism can be further clarified， which provides the basis for the clinical application of Zexietang and guides the direction of its further research.

Mechanism of Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba Against Proliferation of Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba on the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and the expression of interleukin-6（IL-6）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K），protein kinase B （Akt）， p-protein kinase B （p-Akt）， mechanistic target of rapamycin （mTOR）， hypoxia-inducible factor-1<italic>α </italic>（HIF-1<italic>α</italic>）， and Cyclin D₁ at the cellular level， and to explore their molecular mechanism. Method:Following the set-up of the blank group （complete medium）， low-， moderate-，and high-dose （20， 40， and 60 mg·L^-1） Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba groups， and low-， moderate-， and high-dose （5， 10， and 20 mg·L^-1） cisplatin groups， the cell were treated with the corresponding drugs for 24， 48， and 72 h for detecting their viability by tetrazolium bromide （MTT） colorimetry. A549 cells were then divided into the blank group， Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba group， cisplatin group， and combined medication group and intervened with thecomplete medium， 40 mg·L^-1Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba， 10 mg·L^-1 cisplatin， and 40 mg·L^-1Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba + 10 mg·L^-1cisplatin， respectively， for 24， 48 and 72 h， followed by the measurement of inhibitory effects against the proliferation of A549 cells in each experimental group. The level of IL-6 in cell culture supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） after 72 h. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1<italic>α</italic> and Cyclin D₁ in each group were assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the protein expression levels of PI3K， Akt， p-Akt， mTOR， HIF-1<italic>α</italic>， and Cyclin D₁ by Western blot. Result:After 24 h intervention， Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba did not significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells. However， 48 h later， the inhibitory effect in Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba groups were significantly enhanced in comparison with that in the blank group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， exhibiting a time-dependent response. After 72 h of action， no significant change was present in the inhibitory effect of each Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba group， so the optimal concentration of Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba was set at 40 mg·L^-1 for follow-up experiments. As demonstrated by the comparison with the blank group， cisplatin at each concentration inhibited the cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）. Considering the cell survival rate， the best concentration of cisplatin was set at 10 mg·L^-1. Compared with the blank group， Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba combined with cisplatin remarkably inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a time-dependent manner （<italic>P<</italic>0.05）， and the differences between the combined medication group and the other two groups became more significant after 72 h of medication （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. The IL-6 level in each experimental group， especially in the combined medication group， significantly declined in contrast to that in the blank group （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1<italic>α</italic> and Cyclin D₁ in all experimental groups were obviously lower than those in the blank group， with the most significant changes observed in the combined medication group （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The protein expression levels of PI3K， p-Akt， mTOR， HIF-1<italic>α</italic>， and Cyclin D₁ in each experimental group was significantly down-regulated（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the levels in the combined medication group were even lower than those in the cisplatin group （<italic>P<</italic>0.01）. Conclusion:Scutellariae Radix-Hedyotidis Herba has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A549 cells， which may be related to its inhibition against the expression and secretion of IL-6/PI3K/Akt/mTOR-HIF-1<italic>α</italic> axis.

Study on the anti-aging effects and the changes of the content of active components in different decocting methods of Epimedii folium and Eucommiae cortex / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To observe the content changes of the active components and anti-aging effects of Epimedii folium and Eucommiae cortex.Methods:To prepare the Epimedii folium decoction, the eucommiae cortex decoction, the combined decoction of preparing the two herbs respectively, and the decoction of preparing the two together. Use HPLC method to analyze the content of rosin alcohol diglucosideand icariin, and UV spectrophotometry method to determine the content of total flavonoids. Then randomly divided the mice into normal group, model group and medicated group, 12 for each group. To establish a sub-acute aging female mice model induced by D-galactose, and to investigate the effects of Eucommia ulmoides and Epimedium on the daily behavior and body weight of sub-acute aging mice. The effect of compatibility of monodecoction combined solution on learning and memory ability further evaluation of its organ coefficient.Results:The content of rosin glycosides and icariin in the combined decoction of preparing the two respectively was higher than that of in the decoction of preparing them together. The difference of the flavonoids content is not obvious . Compared with the model group, the weight of medicated group significantly increased ( P<0.05), the latency of the platform test (278.06 ± 81.16 s vs. 201.67 ± 91.67 s) significantly prolonged, the number of errors (1.96 ± 0.71 vs. 2.21 ± 0.69) significantly decreased, and the thymus index (48.29 ± 14.69 vs. 44.95 ± 10.87) significantly increased ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The different decoction preparing methods of Epimedii folium and Eucommiae cortex will lead to the different content of effective components. The combined decoction of preparing the two herbs together will gain higher content of the components and with anti-aging effect.

Role of Regional Network Management System in Disability Prevention for Newborn High-risk Infants / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the feasibility of establishing a regional network management system to prevent and control the disability in high-risk infants. Methods:From July, 2015 to June, 2016, 1252 type B high-risk infants who born alive and registered in Lianyungang were divided into control group and experimental group by receiving network management system or not. The network high-risk infants management system was used to monitor the growth, diagnosis and early intervention of high-risk infants in the experimental group, while the control group was managed in the conventional way. A comprehensive physical examination and systematic assessment of 940 high-risk infants finally were conducted after two years. Their parents' compliance, developmental state, degree of dysplasia and function of dysplastic child were compared. Results:The compliance of parents was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (χ2 = 44.161,P < 0.001), as well as the outcome when the infants were two years old (χ2 = 204.340,P < 0.001). The younger they were found deviated and intervened, the better the outcome was (χ2 = 42.038,P < 0.001), and the less degree of dysplasia when they were two years old (χ2 = 10.508,P < 0.01). The deviation/abnormality condition was less in the experimental group than in the control group (χ2 = 17.446,P < 0.01). The development of functional area was better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.206,P < 0.05), expect body structure (P > 0.05), in the infants with developmental deviation/abnormality. Conclusion:The establishment of network management system for high-risk infants can significantly improve the management compliance of parents and outcome of development of high-risk infants, to prevent disability.

Preparation of plumbagin transfersomal gel and investigation on its transdermal penetration characteristics in vitro / 中草药

Objective: To prepare plumbagin transfersomal (PBG-T) gel and investigate its transdermal penetration characteristics in vitro. Methods: Plumbagin transfersomes were prepared by film-ultrasonic dispersion method. The optimal prescription condition of PBG-T was selected by central composite design and response surface method. The formula of PBG-T gel was optimized by orthogonal test. The Franz diffusion cell was used to investigate transdermal penetration characteristics of PBG-T gel in vitro. Results: The optimal prescription condition of transfersomes was determined as drug 10.0 mg, phospholipids 700.0 mg, Tween-80 91.5 mg, ultrasonication time 13 min. The optimal prescription condition of transfersomal gel was 1% carbomer 940 as gel matrix, and 5% glycerol as the humectant. According to the optimized prescription, the entrapment efficiency, the mean particle size, and Zeta potential of PBG-T were (79.88 ± 2.26)%, (125.64 ± 4.54) nm, and (-30.97 ± 1.13) mV. The cumulative penetration rate of PBG-T gel was 70.0% at 12 h. Conclusion: The optimal preparation technique is stable and feasible. Transfersomal gel features a sustained release in vitro, the transfersomal gel can increase penetration rate of plumbagin through the skin of rats.

Meta-analysis for Vitamins Preventing Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Patients After Coronary Angiography / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effects for vitamins preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients after coronary angiography (CAG) by Meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed, Medline, Cochrane library central register of controlled trials and ClinicalTrails. gov from the database establishment to 2016-12 for CIN related references. According to enrollment and elimination standards, we chose eligible randomize control trail (RCT), extracted data and conducted a Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 statistical software. Results: A total of 11 RCTs with 1810 patients were enrolled which included in 2 groups: Vitamins group, n=951 and Placebo group, n=859. The average age of patients was (60-73) years and the male was (45.9-92.2) %. Meta-analysis showed that CIN occurrence rate in Vitamins group was lower than Placebo group (RR=0.54, 95% CI 0.39-0.73); compared with Placebo group, the incidence of CIN was decreased by 46% in Vitamins group. Using Vitamin C could decrease CIN occurrence rate (RR=0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.90); compared with Placebo group, the incidence of CIN was decreased by 42% for using Vitamin C. Conclusion: Vitamins can reduce 46% incidence of CIN and Vitamin C may reduce 42% incidence of CIN in patients after CAG.

Treating glioma with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: mechanism of action, safety and future application / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) are a group of cells that have self-renewal, highly proliferative and multidrug differentiation potential. The properties of UC-MSCs and their tumor tropism make them an ideal tool for glioma cell therapy. These cells can act by paracrine or as a delivery system for genes and drugs. It has been demonstrated that UC-MSCs can inhibit the growth of glioma and improve the survival after transplantation into the brain. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the molecular mechanisms and safety of UC-MSCs in the treatment of glioma and to provide a useful reference for further research. METHODS: We searched the PubMed and CNKI databases from 2000 to 2017 with the English terms of "glioma; umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells" and the Chinese terms of "glioma; umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; safety; molecular mechanism". Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 55 articles were finally reserved for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: UC-MSCs have obvious effect on treating glioma. These cells can treat glioma through homing mechanism and paracrine mechanism as gene carrier and co-culture. Moreover, UC-MSCs have certain safety in the treatment of glioma.

Targeting knockout of DMD gene exon51 in HEK293T cell based on CRISPR/Cas9 system / 基础医学与临床

Objective To knockout the exon51 of DMD gene in HEK293T cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Methods Design the target sequences of sgRNA and clone them into plasmid PX459 respectively; transfer these plasmids into HEK293T cell and extract the total genome DNA; test the activity of sgRNAs with surveyor assay, choose the most efficient one in each end;construct plasmid PX459-2sgRNA and transfer it into HEK293T cells;check whether the exon51 has been knocked known with PCR and T vector sequencing. Results 50% of HEK293T cells' DMD gene exon51 were knocked out,showing a high gene editing efficiency. Conclusions We successfully establish a platform to target knockout the exon51 of DMD gene and provide an important experimental basis for the treatment of DMD and other genetic diseases.

Effect of EPO on PRDM16, FGF21 expression and STAT phosphorylation of brown adipose tissue in HFD mice / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on blood glucoseand plasma insulin level, index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), introperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), the mRNA and protein level of PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) in order to provide clues for the mechanism of obesity and complication.@*METHODS@#Twenty C57BL/6J male mice fed with HFD were randomly divided into control group (HFD-Con) and EPO group (HFD-EPO), mice in the two groups were injected intraperitoneally normal saline and EPO (200 IU/kg) res pectively, 3 times per week for consecutive 4 weeks.Then the body weight, blood glucose, plasma insulin level, HOMA-IR and IPGTT were detected.The mRNA and protein level of PRDM16, FGF21, p-STAT3/STAT3 in brown adipose tissue were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.@*RESULTS@#After intraperitoneal injection of EPO for 4 weeks, the body weight of the mice in HFD-EPO and HFD-Con groups was (26.65±0.85) g and (31.50±1.6 0) g respectively.The blood glucose of the mice in HFD-EPO group[(62.79±8.09) mg/dl]was significantly decreased compared with that in HFD-Con group[(91.06±9.86) mg/dl].The plasmainsulin level in HFD-EPO group[(10.56±1.06)μU/ml]was significantly decreased compared with that in HFD-Con group[(13.2±1.1)μU/ml, < 0.01].The level of IPGTT in HFD-EPO group was significantly ameliorated and th e HOMA-IR decreased compared with those in HFD-Con group.The mRNA and protein expressions of PRDM16, FGF21 and the level of STAT3 of brown adipose tissue in HFD-E PO group were increased obviously.And there was no difference of FGF21 mRNA content in liver and FGF21 content in plasmabetween the two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#EPO could promote differentiation of brown adipose tissue by increase in the express ion of PRDM16, and decrease the blood glucose level, ameliorate glucose metabolism in obses mice.

Safety and efficacy of the second generation biodegradable polymer Cobalt-Chromium sirolimus-eluting stent (EXCEL 2) stent in diabetic patients:A Subgroup analysis of the CREDIT Ⅱ and CREDIT Ⅲ trials / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To invesgate the safety and efficacy of the second generation biodegradable polymer Cobalt-Chromium sirolimus-eluting stent (EXCEL2) stent in diabetic patients by a subgroup analysis of of the CREDITⅡand CREDIT Ⅲ trials. Methods All patients who were implanted with the EXCEL2 stent were enrolled in the CREDITⅡand CREDIT Ⅲ trials. The primary endpoint was target lesion failure at 24-month, defi ned as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI) and target lesion revascularization(TLR). The secondary endpoint was endpoints including all-cause death, all myocardial infarction (MI) or any revascularization.Results A total of 828 patients were included from the patients who were implanted with the EXCEL2 stent in the CREDIT II and CREDIT Ⅲ trials. 24-month follow-up rate was 99.5%. There was no significant difference in the primary endpoint (P>0.05) and event rates of the secondary endpoints(P>0.05) between the diabetic and non-diabetic group, which included all-cause death[diabetics (2.5%)vs.non-diabetics(1.4%),P>0.05],myocardial infarction(MI)(7.5% vs.5.0%,P>0.05),all from of revascularization(5.0% vs.3.9%,P>0.05),and stent thrombosis(0.6% vs.0.4%,P>0.05).Conclusions EXCEL 2 stent met the objective performance goal on effcacy and safety, which can reduce make stent restenosis, target vessel revascularization ,with 160 diabetic cases among them, and stent thrombosis in diabetic patients.

Purifying process of gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins based on "adjoint marker" online control technology and identification of their compositions by UPLC-QTOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

To optimize the purification process of gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins (GPS) based on "adjoint marker" online control technology with GPS as the testing index. UPLC-QTOF-MS technology was used for qualitative analysis. "Adjoint marker" online control results showed that the end point of load sample was that the UV absorbance of effluent liquid was equal to half of that of load sample solution, and the absorbance was basically stable when the end point was stable. In UPLC-QTOF-MS qualitative analysis, 16 saponins were identified from GPS, including 13 known gynostemma saponins and 3 new saponins. This optimized method was proved to be simple, scientific, reasonable, easy for online determination, real-time record, and can be better applied to the mass production and automation of production. The results of qualitative analysis indicated that the "adjoint marker" online control technology can well retain main efficacy components of medicinal materials, and provide analysis tools for the process control and quality traceability.

Effect of alcohol extract of Cortex Eucommiae on oxidative stress markers in serum of brain aging model mice / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To explore the effect of Cortex Eucommiae(CE)extract on oxidative stress markers of brain aging mice. Methods Brain aging mice model was made via subcutaneously administered D-galactose. The ethanol extract of CE was intra?gastrically administered to the model mice. Apoptosis ratio of brain cells of mice was determined by a flow cytometry to evaluate the an?ti-aging function of CE extract. A series of biomarkers related to oxidation,including malonyldialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dis?mutase(SOD),protein carbonyl(PCO),and nitric oxide(NO)in serum of mice were determined by ELISA. Results Compared with the model mice,the apoptosis ratio of brain cells in the CE extract group decreased significantly(P<0.01). ELISA test results showed that,compared with the normal group,NO and SOD levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly higher(P<0.01). Compared with the model group,MDA and PCO levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly lower(P<0.01),and SOD level was obviously higher(P<0.01). Conclusion The CE extract might play the role of brain anti-aging by the effective attenuation of ox?idative damage.

Establishment of a pharmacokinetic detection method for PEGylated recombinant human interleukin-11 mutein in cynomolgus monkeys / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, drug concentration and effect relationship of PEGylated IL-11 mutein (PEG-mIL11) in cynomolgus monkeys through the validated anti-PEG-ELISA method. Methods PEG-mIL11 at 350 μg/kg was subcutaneously injected in cynomolgus monkeys, and the blood samples were collected at various time points. An anti-PEG-ELISA method was validated and used to investigate the concentration of PEG-mIL11, and platelet counts were measured to explore the relationship of drug concentration and effect. Results Results of the validation test demonstrated that PEG-mIL11 in monkey blood could be quantitated by anti-PEG-ELISA. Its linear range was (26.34-200) ng/ml. The specificity, accuracy and precision of the method met the present criteria. The terminal elimination half-life (T1/2) of PEG-mIL11 was (13.4 ± 2.4) h, the peak time (Tmax) was (6.7 ± 2.3) h, the peak concentration (Cmax) was (2.4 ± 0.5) μg/ml, the area under curve (AUC)(0-t) was (77.7 ± 15.6) μg∙h/ml, and the clearance (CL) was (4.6 ± 0.8) ml/ (h·kg). The thrombopoietic effect did not relate directly with the concentration of PEG-mIL11 in serum. Conclusion Anti-PEG-ELISA, used in this study to measure the concentration of PEG-mIL11, is a steady, reliable and specific method for PEGmIL11 pharmacokinetic study, and its chemical modification by PEG possesses long circulating half-lives, thereby suggesting less frequency of administration.

Effect of alcohol extract of Cortex Eucommiae on oxidative stress markers in serum of brain aging model mice / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To explore the effect of Cortex Eucommiae (CE) extract on oxidative stress markers of brain aging mice. Methods Brain aging mice model was made via subcutaneously administered D-galactose. The ethanol extract of CE was intra-gastrically administered to the model mice. Apoptosis ratio of brain cells of mice was determined by a flow cytometry to evaluate the anti-aging function of CE extract. A series of biomarkers related to oxidation, including malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dis-mutase (SOD), protein carbonyl (PCO), and nitric oxide (NO) in serum of mice were determined by ELISA. Results Compared with the model mice, the apoptosis ratio of brain cells in the CE extract group decreased significantly (P<0.01). ELISA test results showed that,compared with the normal group, NO and SOD levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly higher (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, MDA and PCO levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly lower (P<0.01), and SOD level was obviously higher (P<0.01). Conclusion The CE extract might play the role of brain anti-aging by the effective attenuation of oxidative damage.

Thrombocytopoietic Efficacy of Pegylated Recombinant Human Interleukin-11 Mutein in Myelosuppressed Mice / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of PEGylated IL-11 mutein (PEG-mIL 11) with different dose or injection frequency on thrombocytopenia in myelosuppressed mice and to compare its effect with mIL-11, so as to provide reference data for clinical use.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Myelosuppressive model with thrombocyopenia was produced in BALB/c mice by whole bodyCo γ-ray irradiation in dose of administration 2.5 Gy followed by i.p. injections of carboplatin at 50 mg/kg. In study of injection frequency, 30 thrombocytopenic BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: vehicle control group (once daily on d1, 4, 7), mIL-11 group [200 µg/(kg·d)×9 d], PEG-mIL 11 A group [111800 µg/(kg·d)×1 d (d 1)], PEG-mIL 11 B group 900 µg/(kg·d)×2 d (d 1,5), and PEG-mIL 11 C group [600 µg/(kg·d)×3 d (d 1,4,7)]. The route of administration is subcutaneous injection. The platelet counts were monitored in the subsequant 5 weeks. In study of dose administration, 100 thrombocytopenic BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: vehicle control group (once daily on d1 and 5), mIL-11 group 200 µg/(kg·d)×9 d, and PEG-mIL 11 low-, mid-, and high-dose groups (200, 420 and 900 µg/(kg·d)×2 d, once a day on d1 and 5). The route of administration is subcutaneous injection. The platelet counts were monitored every 2-3 days in the subsequant 5 weeks, and CFU-Meg was determined on d 8 of the bone marrow cells collection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AfterCo irradition and carboplatin injection, Plt level decreased with time, and a >80% reduction was noted at nadir when comparing with baseline. In frequency of administration study, the platelet nadir of the 3 PEG-mIL 11 groups were significantly higher than that of vehicle control and mIL-11 groups (P<0.05), while no significant difference was noted among the 3 groups of different administration frequences; In dose level study, the reduction of Plt count at the nadir in the 3 PEG-mIL 11 groups was significantly less than that of vehicle control and mIL-11 groups (P<0.05). And a rapid recovery of Plt count was found in the PEG-mIL 11 groups with a dose-dependent increase of Plt count on d 10. A lower reduction and a rapider recovery of RBC was also found in the PEG-mIL 11 groups. No significant effect on WBC was found for all the treatment groups. An increase in CFU-Meg was observed in PEG-mIL 11 and mIL-11 groups, with higher CFU-Meg in PEG-mIL 11 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A preventive effect of PEG-mIL 11 on thrombocytopenia in myelosuppressed mice has been confirmed. In comparison with mIL-11, a better effect of PEG-mIL 11 is obtained under lower dose frequency, indicating a better compliance of the treatment regimen, and providing a foundation for developing a long-acting preparation of rhIL-11.</p>

Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Pediatric and Adult Patients with Pharmaco-resistant Epilepsy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Over past two decades, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been widely used and reported to alleviate seizure frequency worldwide, however, so far, only hundreds of patients with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy (PRE) have been treated with VNS in mainland China. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VNS for Chinese patients with PRE and compare its relationship with age cohort and gender.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively assessed the clinical outcome of 94 patients with PRE, who were treated with VNS at Beijing Fengtai Hospital and Beijing Tiantan Hospital between November 2008 and April 2014 from our database of 106 consecutive patients. The clinical data analysis was retrospectively examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seizure frequency significantly decreased with VNS therapy after intermittent stimulation of the vagus nerve. At last follow-up, we found McHugh classifications of Class I in 33 patients (35.1%), Class II in 27 patients (28.7%), Class III in 20 patients (21.3%), Class IV in 3 patients (3.2%), and Class V in 11 patients (11.7%). Notably, 8 (8.5%) patients were seizure-free while ≥50% seizure frequency reduction occurred in as many as 60 patients (63.8%). Furthermore, with regard to the modified Engel classification, 12 patients (12.8%) were classified as Class I, 11 patients (11.7%) were classified as Class II, 37 patients (39.4%) were classified as Class III, 34 patients (36.2%) were classified as Class IV. We also found that the factors of gender or age are not associated with clinical outcome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This comparative study confirmed that VNS is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment for Chinese PRE patients. VNS reduced the seizure frequency regardless of age or gender of studied patients.</p>

Combined low-dose aspirin and warfarin anticoagulant therapy of postoperative atrial fibrillation following mechanical heart valve replacement / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The safety and efficacy of combined low dose aspirin and warfarin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation after mechanical heart valve replacement were evaluated. A total of 1016 patients (620 females, mean age of 36.8±7.7 years) admitted for cardiac valve replacement and complicated with atrial fibrillation after surgery were randomly divided into study (warfarin plus 75-100 mg aspirin) or control (warfarin only) groups. International normalized ratio (INR) and prothrombin time were maintained at 1.8-2.5 and 1.5-2.0 times the normal values, respectively. Thromboembolic events and major bleedings were registered during the follow-up period. Patients were followed up for 24±9 months. The average dose of warfarin in the study and control groups was 2.91±0.83 mg and 2.88±0.76 mg, respectively (P>0.05). The incidence of overall thromboembolic events in study group was lower than that in control group (2.16% vs. 4.35%, P=0.049). No statistically significant differences were found in hemorrhage events (3.53% vs. 3.95%, P=0.722) or mortality (0.20% vs. 0.40%, P=0.559) between the two groups. Combined low dose aspirin and warfarin therapy in the patients with atrial fibrillation following mechanical heart valve replacement significantly decreased thromboembolic events as compared with warfarin therapy alone. This combined treatment was not associated with an increase in the risk of major bleeding or mortality.